Volume 41 Issue 3
Jun.  2023
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Transport Information and Safety  > 2023  >  41(3): 48-58
ZHANG Xin, LI Shuangfei, SUN Daiyuan. Vulnerability Analysis of China-Europe Container Sea-rail Intermodal Transport Network[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(3): 48-58. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.03.006
Citation: ZHANG Xin, LI Shuangfei, SUN Daiyuan. Vulnerability Analysis of China-Europe Container Sea-rail Intermodal Transport Network[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(3): 48-58. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.03.006
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Vulnerability Analysis of China-Europe Container Sea-rail Intermodal Transport Network

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.03.006

  • College of Transport & Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China

  • Received Date: 2022-12-07
    Available Online: 2023-09-16
    Abstract
  • The China-Europe trade transportation involves multiple ports and rail stations, forming a complex transport network. The hub nodes of this network are vulnerable to various disruptions such as natural disasters and safety incidents, resulting in partial connectivity and consequently affecting the overall efficiency of the network. To quantitatively analyze the extent of functional changes in the China-Europe container intermodal transport network following the failure of hub nodes, a composite sea-rail transport network is developed based on the China-Europe rail services and shipping lines. On this basis, a simulation model is proposed to investigate the network vulnerability by integrating a load-capacity cascading failure model. The model considers three influencing factors: node capacity, attack methods, and load distribution strategies. The network connectivity and efficiency are set as the vulnerability indices. The simulation model is used to analyze the factors influencing the network vulnerability and its evolution, and to identify critical nodes by examining the change curve of network efficiency. The results reveal that the China-Europe container sea-rail intermodal transport network consists of 167 nodes, exhibiting scale-free and small-world characteristics, with a degree correlation coefficient of 0.13, indicating weak assortativity. The nodes with similar correlation degrees tend to be connected. Intentional attacks on hub nodes render the network more vulnerable compared to random failures. With 3 failed nodes, the intentional attacks result in a 20.15% decrease in network connectivity and a 37.19% decrease in efficiency compared to random failures. From the perspective of influential factors, strategies redistributing load based on geographic distance exacerbate network collapse. The increasing node capacity enhances network robustness, reaching a critical threshold when the capacity redundancy coefficient reaches 0.2, at which point external interference no longer affects the overall network. The negative impact of port failures on network efficiency surpasses that of railway stations, with European ports having a higher impact than Chinese ports. Regarding the critical node identification, the efficiency reduction is most substantial when the Constanta Port in Europe fails, decreasing by 88%. In the Chinese region, both Shanghai and Ningbo ports experience a reduction of 76%. These findings aid in understanding the vulnerability factors affecting the China-Europe container sea-rail intermodal transport network. It suggests the prioritization of protecting critical nodes during emergencies and optimizing cargo flow distribution to enhance robustness of the network in the event of partial hub node failures.

     

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