高速公路连续隧道群驾驶人视觉特性分析

汤文蕴; 丁纯璐; 潘义勇; 杨震

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.01.007

高速公路连续隧道群驾驶人视觉特性分析

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.01.007

南京林业大学汽车与交通工程学院南京 210037

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目 51508280

江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目 20KJB580016

教育部2021年第二批产学合作协同育人项目 202102055014

详细信息

通讯作者:
汤文蕴（1988—），博士，讲师. 研究方向：道路交通安全. E-mail：tangwy@njfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U458
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- 文章访问数: 1355
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-31

An Analysis of Visual Characteristics of Drivers Over Continuous Highway Tunnels

College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

摘要

摘要: 为了提高高速公路隧道群的行车安全，研究隧道群环境下驾驶人的视觉特性，在实际高速公路隧道群场景中，设计了驾驶人眼动特性实验方案，借助TobiiGlass2眼动仪与ErgoLAB数据分析平台采集了20名实验者的注视、扫视及瞳孔变化等眼动行为数据，对比分析了视觉特性变量在不同隧道、不同区段的差异。结果显示，在水平方向上第1条隧道的视野角度均值高于第2条隧道，而在垂直方向上则相反；第2条隧道的平均扫视时间比第1条隧道缩短47.75%，第1条隧道的平均瞳孔直径比第2条隧道大7.89%；第1条隧道入口段的瞳孔面积变化率平均值与方差大于第2条隧道入口段。实验结果表明，驾驶人在连续隧道群中通行到第2条隧道时视觉负荷降低，视觉稳定性提高。
- 交通安全 /
- 高速公路连续隧道群 /
- 驾驶人视觉特性
Abstract: In order to improve traffic safety of highway segments with continuous tunnels, visual characteristics of drivers are analyzed. An experimentfor collecting characteristics of drivers'eye movement is designed in actual highway scenes. Eye movement data of 20 drivers, such as fixation, scanning, and pupil area change is collected with TobiiGlass2 and ErgoLAB data analytics tool. The visual characteristics of drivers inside different tunnels and at different sections are compared and analyzed. Study results show that the average view angle is higher in the first tunnel than that in the second tunnel in the horizontal direction, but it is opposite in the vertical direction. Average saccade time of the second tunnel is 47.75% shorter than that of the first tunnel. Average pupil diameter of the first tunnel is 7.89% larger than that of the second tunnel. Mean and variance of change rate of the pupil area at the entrance segment of the first tunnel are larger than that of the second tunnel. It can be concluded that when driving through the second tunnel over continuous highway tunnels, drivers' visual load isreduced, and visual stability is improved, when compared to those observed over the first tunnel.
- traffic safety /
- continuous highway tunnels /
- visual characteristics

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图 1 实验路段划分示意图

Figure 1. Division of tunnel group sections

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图 2 眼动仪设备图

Figure 2. Tobii Glass2

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图 3 实验流程图

Figure 3. Experiment flow chart

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图 4 眼动仪分析界面

Figure 4. Analysis interface of eye tracker

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图 5 水平方向驾驶人视野角度

Figure 5. Driver's visual angle in the horizontal direction

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图 6 垂直方向驾驶人视野角度

Figure 6. Driver's visual angle in the vertical direction

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图 7 水平注视区域划分

Figure 7. Horizontal fixation area division

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图 8 垂直注视区域划分

Figure 8. Vertical fixation area division

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图 9 注视次数在水平区域的百分比

Figure 9. The percentage of fixation times in the horizontal area

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图 10 注视次数在垂直区域的百分比

Figure 10. The percentage of fixation times in the vertical area

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表 1 眼动仪输出数据指标

Table 1. Output data index of eye-moving instrument

输出指标	单位
注视次数(fixation count)	次
单次注视时间（single fixation time)	s
总共扫视时间(total saccade time)	s
眨眼次数(blink count)	次
聚焦点（focus point)
平均瞳孔直径(average pupil diameter)	mm

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表 2 隧道群各区段驾驶人扫视特性表

Table 2. Scanning characteristics of drivers in each section of tunnel group

变量	隧道接近段	第1条隧道	开敞段	第2条隧道	驶离段
长度/m	300	452	227	263	150
通行时间/s	16.61	25.03	9.88	12.57	8.31
扫视次数/次	18	16	10	8	34
平均扫视时间/ms	94.5	69.85	48.05	36.5	109.5
扫视比例/%	6.27	2.42	2.91	2.11	13.98

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表 3 隧道群各区段驾驶人瞳孔直径表

Table 3. Pupil diameter of drivers in each section of tunnel group 单位: mm

区段划分	平均瞳孔直径	最大瞳孔直径	最小瞳孔直径
隧道接近段	3.74	4.52	0.85
第1条隧道	5.06	6.81	2.45
开敞段	4.31	6.44	1.38
第2条隧道	4.69	6.23	2.06
驶离段	4.42	5.32	1.26

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表 4 茅山隧道群区段划分表

Table 4. Section division of maoshan tunnel group 单位: m

区段划分	第1条隧道	第2条隧道
人口段长度	162	81
中间段长度	198	122
出口段长度	92	60

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表 5 隧道内各区段驾驶人扫视速度

Table 5. Scanning speed of drivers in each section of the tunnel 单位: (°) /s

指标	第1条隧道路段			第2条隧道路段
指标	人口段	中间段	出口段	人口段	中间段	出口段
平均值	171.8	113.8	215.7	160.2	94.6	176.6
极小值	112	87	157	108	59	127
极大值	253	154	299	228	136	221
标准差	40.8	21.3	40.4	33.1	19.4	33.8
方差	1 747.3	446.6	1 648.6	1128.3	375.2	1 212.2

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表 6 隧道内各区段驾驶人瞳孔面积变化率

Table 6. Change rate of pupil area of drivers in each section of tunnel 单位: %

指标	第1条隧道路段			第2条隧道路段
指标	人口段	中间段	出口段	人口段	中间段	出口段
平均值	44.81	15.17	34.23	34.50	12.93	30.87
极小值	21.39	5.68	14.71	19.30	5.40	7.88
极大值	66.93	22.60	58.92	47.22	22.34	55.11
标准差	13.31	5.10	10.89	9.51	4.82	11.70
方差	1.80	0.30	1.20	0.90	0.20	1.40

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