高速公路交通标志的认知及评价综述

王仁杰; 周晓宏

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.02.002

高速公路交通标志的认知及评价综述

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.02.002

王仁杰,
周晓宏^,

安徽工程大学经济与管理学院安徽芜湖 241000

基金项目:

安徽省高校人文社会科学研究重大项目 SK2020ZD20

详细信息

作者简介:
王仁杰(1997—), 硕士研究生. 研究方向: 人因工程.E-mail: 1306820425@qq.com

通讯作者:
周晓宏(1970—), 博士, 教授. 研究方向: 人因工程与项目管理、文化产业管理等.E-mail: zxh@ahpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U491.5+2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-24

A Review on Cognition and Evaluation of Traffic Signs on Expressways

WANG Renjie,
ZHOU Xiaohong^,

School of Economics and Management, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 交通标志作为高速公路与驾驶人进行信息交流的纽带, 是道路交通必不可少的一部分。目前关于交通标志的研究已取得一定的成就, 但在某些方面仍存在不足之处。为此从视认性, 识别率、驾驶人理解能力以及驾驶水平4个方面分析交通标志认知的影响因素; 将有效性评价分为定量评价方法以及定性定量结合的评价方法。并从这2个角度对目前的研究进行综述和评论, 结果表明, 高速公路与城市道路的差异较大, 应考虑二者不同处, 对高速公路交通标志认知的影响因素进行研究; 由于每个信息中含有的信息量不同, 建议引入信息理论, 得出准确的信息量阈值; 未来需加强不同学科的交叉融合, 建议将统计概率模型与认知模型结合起来, 建立新的认知模型; 驾驶补偿策略和交感神经的兴奋范围是未来重点的研究方向; 交通标志大多是以组合的形式出现, 未来需要开展对交通标志组的研究。
- 交通标志 /
- 高速公路 /
- 认知 /
- 综述 /
- 有效性评价模型
Abstract: Traffic signs, as the link of information exchange between highways and drivers, are an essential part of road traffic. At present, some achievements have been made in studying traffic signs, but there are still some shortcomings in some aspects. Therefore, this paper summarizes influencing factors of recognizing traffic signs. The analysis is performed from legibility, recognition rate, the understanding ability of drivers, and driver's driving level. The effectiveness evaluation is divided into quantitative analysis and qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results show that there are big differences between the expressways and urban roads, which should be considered to study the influencing factors of recognizing traffic signs. Since the amount of information contained in each sign varies, the information theory should be introduced to obtain an accurate threshold of information. In the future, the cross integration of different disciplines should be strengthened. The statistical probability model is combined with a cognitive model to establish a new cognitive model. The compensation strategy of driving and the range of sympathetic arousal will be the key directions. Traffic signs mostly appear in the form of combinations, so traffic sign groups should be studied in the future.
- traffic signs /
- expressway /
- cognition /
- review /
- effectiveness evaluation model

HTML全文

图 1 信息认知模型

Figure 1. Cognitive model of information

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图 2 驾驶人认知过程

Figure 2. Cognitive process of Drivers

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图 3 标识的理论视认过程

Figure 3. Recognition process of signs

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表 1 交通标识研究主题

Table 1. Research topics of traffic signs

研究方向	研究层面	研究内容
影响因素	视认性	交通标志的制造材料、驾驶人自身特征、道路环境
	识别性	交通标志信息数量及排列方式、交通标志信息的特性驾驶环境
	理解能力	驾驶人的反应率、驾驶人驾龄和受教育水平
	驾驶水平	驾驶人年龄、性别、受教育程度等、驾驶过程中的情绪
有效性评价	定性与定量相结合	运用AHP、DEA、模糊综合评价等方式进行定性与定量的决策分析
有效性评价	量化	建立量化模型对交通标志的有效性进行定量分析

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表 2 交通标志视认性

Table 2. Visibility of traffic signs

影响交通标志视认性因素	影响机制	文献
交通标志的制造材料	不同材料的可见度不同	Choocharukul^[15] Obeidat等^[16]
环境对比度	不同照射下，人类的视觉敏感度不同	张卫华等^[17]
驾驶人自身特征	驾驶人年龄、视力等因素与视认性有显著相关性	黄小芳等^[18]
道路环境	周边交通、道路情况等影响驾驶人的视认距离	吴立新等^[19]

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表 3 交通标志识别率

Table 3. Recognition rate of traffic signs

影响交通标志识别率因素	影响机制	文献
交通标志信息数量	过多或过少的信息量会导致驾驶人无法有效的提取信息	祖永昶等^[21] 王建国等^[22]
交通标志的排列方式	字符和信息排列与道路方向一致时，驾驶人的信息理解水平较高	张伟^[23]
交通标志信息的特性	交通标志的代表性、联系性、敏感性	Jose Luis Vilchez^[24] 邵海鹏等^[25] Ren Guichao等^[26]

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表 4 驾驶人理解能力

Table 4. Understanding of drivers

影响驾驶人理解能力因素	影响机制	文献
驾驶人的反应率	驾驶人的反应率越高，对信息的理解程度越高	杨艳群等^[27]
驾驶人自身特征因素	驾驶年龄、教育水平与驾驶人理解性显著相关；驾驶经验越多，驾驶员的理解性越高	W.Y.N Annie等^[28] Yang Yanqun等^[29] Al-Madani等^[30]
驾驶环境	驾驶环境的不同会导致驾驶人驾驶工作量不同，工作量的提升会导致驾驶人理解能力下降。	Xie Lian等^[31] 王清洲等^[32]

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表 5 驾驶人驾驶水平

Table 5. Driving abilities of drivers

影响驾驶人驾驶水平因素	影响机制	文献
驾驶人自身特征因素	驾驶水平与驾驶人的性别、年龄、受教育程度息息相关	Pradhan等^[33] Sander等^[34]
驾驶过程中的情绪	不同情绪会导致驾驶人产生不一样的驾驶趋势	王春雪等^[35] 张殿业等^[36]

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