基于车辆加速度数据的互通立交匝道驾驶风险分析

丁瑞; 刘俊; 蒋艳; 徐进

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.0003

基于车辆加速度数据的互通立交匝道驾驶风险分析

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.0003

丁瑞^1,,
刘俊²,
蒋艳³,
徐进^{1, 4, ,}

1.
重庆交通大学交通运输学院重庆 400074
2.
重庆轨道交通（集团）有限公司重庆 400042
3.
四川南渝高速公路有限公司四川南充 637000
4.
重庆交通大学山区复杂道路环境 “人-车-路” 协同与安全重庆市重点实验室重庆 400074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51678099

详细信息

作者简介:
丁瑞（1998—），硕士研究生.研究方向：交通运输规划与管理. E-mail：15388382816@163.com

通讯作者:
徐进（1977—），博士，教授.研究方向：人-车-路协同、道路交通安全以及驾驶行为. E-mail：yhnl_996699@163.com

中图分类号: U491.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-28

Driving Risks of Interchange Ramps Based on Vehicle Acceleration Data

DING Rui^1
,,
LIU Jun²,
JIANG Yan³,
XU Jin^{1, 4
, ,}

1.
College of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2.
Chongqing Rail Transit(Group)Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400042, China
3.
Sichuan Nanyu Expressway Co. LTD., Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
4.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of"Human-Vehicle-Road"Cooperation and Safety for Mountain Complex Environment, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China

摘要

摘要: 为明确互通立交匝道的运行特性和驾驶风险，在重庆市南山立交和江南立交开展了超过30位被试者的小客车实车驾驶试验，通过Speedbox和Mobileye等车载高精度仪器采集了小客车在4条迂回式匝道上的连续运行数据，包括行驶速度、横向加速度、纵向加速度等，明确了迂回式匝道的车辆运行状态，然后运用表征横、纵向加速度关系的G-G图分析了匝道行驶过程中的驾驶风险，确定了立交匝道不同位置的危险等级及危险驾驶行为的高发路段。研究结果表明：①立交匝道上小客车的横向加速度与速度呈三角形分布，纵向加速度与速度呈椭圆形分布；②小半径曲线匝道上出现危险驾驶行为的比例要高于大半径曲线匝道；③通过统计不同断面的危险驾驶行为点占比，将匝道的危险断面分为低风险、中风险、高风险3个等级；④男性驾驶员在立交匝道上的危险驾驶行为占比要高于女性驾驶员，冒险型驾驶员的危险驾驶行为占比要高于其他驾驶风格的驾驶员；⑤立交匝道的危险高发路段通常位于速度变化剧烈的路段，即入弯减速段和出弯加速段。
- 交通安全 /
- 立交匝道 /
- 驾驶行为 /
- G-G图 /
- 行驶速度 /
- 横向加速度 /
- 纵向加速度
Abstract: More than 30 participants are tested in actual passenger-car driving test at Nanshan Interchange and Jiangnan Interchange in Chongqing to clarify the operating characteristics and driving risks of interchange ramps. Using high-precision equipment such as Speedbox and Mobileye, the continuous running data of passenger cars on four roundabout ramps are collected, including driving speed, lateral acceleration, and longitudinal acceleration. The running statuses of vehicles on roundabout ramps are specified. Besides, the G-G diagram, characterizing the relationship between lateral and longitudinal acceleration, is used to analyze the driving risk during ramp driving. The danger levels at different positions of the interchange ramps and the high-risk sections of dangerous driving behavior are determined. The results show that: ① The lateral acceleration and speed of the passenger cars on the interchange ramps are distributed in a triangle, and the longitudinal acceleration and speed are distributed in an elliptical shape. ② The proportion of dangerous driving behaviors on small radius curve ramps is higher than that on large radius curve ramps. ③ By counting the proportions of dangerous driving-behavior points of different sections, the dangerous sections of the ramps are divided into low risk, medium risk, and high risk. ④ Male drivers have a higher proportion of dangerous driving behaviors on the interchange ramps than female drivers, and adventurous drivers have a higher proportion of dangerous driving behaviors than that of drivers of other driving styles. ⑤ The dangerous high-incidence road sections of interchange ramps are usually located in the sections with drastic speed changes, namely the deceleration section of the turn and the acceleration section of the exit.
- traffic safety /
- interchange ramp /
- driving behaviors /
- G-G diagram /
- driving speed /
- lateral acceleration /
- longitudinal acceleration

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图 1 实验立交匝道示意图

Figure 1. Experimental interchange ramp

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图 2 实验车辆及仪器

Figure 2. Experimental vehicles and instruments

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图 3 加速度滤波处理示意图

Figure 3. Acceleration filter processing

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图 4 驾驶行为G-G图

Figure 4. G-G diagram of driving behaviors

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图 5 立交匝道驾驶员驾驶行为G-G图

Figure 5. G-G diagram of driver's driving behaviors on the interchange ramp

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图 6 不同性别驾驶员速度选择均值

Figure 6. Average speed selection of drivers of different genders

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图 7 不同驾驶风格的速度选择均值

Figure 7. Average-speed selection of drivers with different driving styles

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图 8 立交匝道汽车加速度-速度分布

Figure 8. Distribution of acceleration and speed on the interchange ramp

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图 9 匝道N₁驾驶行为区间分布情况

Figure 9. Driving-behavior interval distribution on ramp N₁

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图 10 匝道N₁驾驶行为危险点统计

Figure 10. Statistics of dangerous points of driving behaviors on ramp N1

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图 11 立交匝道危险驾驶路段分布情况

Figure 11. Distribution of dangerous driving sections on the interchange ramp

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表 1 实验匝道技术指标

Table 1. Technical index of the experimental ramp

立交名称	匝道	设计速度/（km/h）	车道数	转向	转角/（°）	圆曲线半径/m	数据截取长度/m
南山立交	N₁	40	单车道	左转	239	78	300
南山立交	N₂	40	单车道	右转	216	40	300
江南立交	J₁	40	双车道	左转	196	100	600
江南立交	J₂	40	双车道	右转	166	50	380

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表 2 实验驾驶员基本信息

Table 2. Basic information of experimental drivers

驾驶员/人		年龄/岁		驾龄/年		行驶里程/万km
男	女	均值	方差	均值	方差	均值	方差
17	16	38.4	31.9	10.7	24.5	25.88	866.1

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表 3 不同性别驾驶员t检验结果

Table 3. T-Test results of drivers of different genders

驾驶员性别	速度均值/（km/h）	标准差	t	P
男	43.21	5.174	14.387	0.000 728
女	41.19	5.202	14.387	0.000 728

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表 4 不同驾驶风格驾驶员方差分析结果

Table 4. Variance analysis results of drivers with different driving styles

驾驶员风格	速度均值/（km/h）	方差	F	P - value
愤怒型	41.40	27.023	3.479 193	0.099 266
冒险型	42.95	39.642
焦虑型	41.02	38.430

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