Abstract: The road traffic behavior is an important research focus in the field of traffic behaviors .This paper re‐viewed and summarized the academic situation ,existing problems ,research methods and development prospects of the road traffic behavior .The road traffic behavior is defined .The difference and relation among the driving behavior ,the driver behavior and road traffic behavior is analyzed .The road traffic behavior includes four sections :the basic traffic be‐havior ,aggressive traffic behavior ,route choice behavior and competition/cooperation traffic behavior .This paper ana‐lyzed the research situation on each category ,illustrate the existing problems ,and expound the research trend in road traffic behavior .In order to improve the method of road traffic behavior research ,based on varieties of traffic behavior characteristics of traffic behavior ,the appropriate research methods and means (space‐time method ,experimental and simulation) were proposed .The role of different research stage was discussed from its advantages ,disadvantages and ap‐plicability .The future development trend and suggestions of the road traffic behavior are proposed .This paper developed a framework of road traffic behavior ,and the future development trend was discussed .