高速公路互通式立体交叉出入口安全性研究综述

张驰; 刘锴; 王世法; 谢子龙; 王雪

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.001

高速公路互通式立体交叉出入口安全性研究综述

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.001

张驰^{1, 2, ,},
刘锴^{1, 2},
王世法³,
谢子龙^{1, 2},
王雪^{1, 2}

1.
长安大学公路学院西安 710064
2.
长安大学道路基础设施数字化教育部工程研究中心西安 710064
3.
四川成绵苍巴高速公路有限责任公司成都分公司成都 610599

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2020YFC1512005

四川省科技计划资助项目 2022YFG0048

四川省交通运输科技项目 2022-ZL-04

详细信息

通讯作者:
张驰(1981—)，博士，教授. 研究方向：道路安全与仿真. E-mail：zhangchi@chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: U412.35+2
计量
- 文章访问数: 1195
- HTML全文浏览量: 382
- PDF下载量: 110
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-19

A Review on the Safety Studies at Entrances and Exits of Expressway Interchanges

ZHANG Chi^{1, 2
, ,},
LIU Kai^{1, 2},
WANG Shifa³,
XIE Zilong^{1, 2},
WANG Xue^{1, 2}

1.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
2.
Engineering Research Center for Digitization of Road Infrastructure of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
3.
Sichuan Chengmian Cangba Expressway Co., Ltd Chengdu Branch, Chengdu 610599, China

摘要

摘要: 高速公路互通式立交是保障高速公路正常运行的关键节点，而主线出入口是互通立交的重要组成部分，同时也是互通区交通流特性最为复杂的路段。国内外学者对互通式立交的安全性展开了较多研究，并取得了一系列成果，但由于互通式立交出入口的复杂性，相关研究并不系统。为此，以高速公路互通式立交以及高速公路出入口的安全性为主题进行文献分析，得到高速公路互通立交出入口安全性的研究热点，从几何设计指标、安全性评价方法以及运行速度3个方面对研究成果进行梳理与综合评述。研究结果表明：①我国现行规范对变速车道长度的考虑因素过于单一，与车辆实际运行中的变速距离需求不吻合；规范中对互通立交分合流端视距的规定，未针对车辆性能、驾驶人对道路交通环境的感知-反应时间进行优化；②目前对分合流鼻端的研究主要从二维角度开展，几何设计指标研究重点未聚焦于平纵指标的组合效果；③事故统计法、层次分析法以及模糊综合评价法在高速公路安全评价中应用较多，事故统计法可以客观的反映道路安全状态，但依赖于事故统计数据的准确性，层次分析法可以较好的构建安全性评价指标体系，但指标赋权较主观，使得评价结论不稳定，模糊综合评价方法对系统安全水平的准确评价依赖于隶属函数的选择，对研究人员的专业性提出了较高的要求；④现行规范的线形协调性、连续性的评价标准以传统方法Δv₈₅为基础，该方法假设基础与实际相悖，高估了道路的安全性能，针对不同车型在不同出入口形式的运行速度预测模型有待深入研究。得到针对相关研究的建议与展望如下：①变速车道研究可以基于驾驶行为，优先考虑对变速车道上加速度变化趋势进行研究；②出入口视距研究应考虑复杂道路条件、视觉刺激下的反应时间，结合不同车型的车辆特性展开研究；在事故统计方法、预测模型基础上，可结合出入口特点进一步优化，并用相对成熟的安全评价方法进行检验；③出入口处的运行速度研究可考虑以浮动车辆数据(floating vehicle data，FCD)为主，龙门架及雷达测速数据为辅对车辆实际行驶速度变化过程进行研究。
- 高速公路 /
- 匝道出入口 /
- 变速车道 /
- 安全性评价 /
- 运行速度
Abstract: Interchanges of expressways are critical nodes for traffic operation, and their entrances/exits are key components and show most complex traffic flow behaviors. Researchers have conducted numerous safety studies on interchanges and obtained a variety of conclusions, but their studies are not systematic due to the complexity of interchanges and the entrances/exits. To this end, this paper looks into the literature on the safety of interchanges and entrances/exits of expressways, identifies corresponding research topics of interest, and reviews corresponding findings in three areas: geometric design index, safety evaluation method and operation speed. Study results indicate that: ①The number of factors considered during the design of speed-change lanes in the existing standards in China is not enough to match the required distance for speed change from the field. The criterion of sight distance at the merging end of an interchange is not optimized based on vehicle performance and drivers' perception-reaction time to different traffic scenarios. ②Studies in the literature on the merging nose are mainly carried out from a two-dimensional perspective, and the geometric design factors are not focused on the effect of the combination of flat and longitudinal factors. ③The accident statistics method, analytic hierarchy process, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are most commonly used in evaluating the safety of expressways. The accident statistics method can objectively be used to evaluate the safety, but it is dependent on the accuracy of accident statistics; the analytic hierarchy process can be used to develop safety evaluation indexes, but the weights associated to the indexes are often subjectively determined, which often makes the results useless; the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method relies on the selection of the affiliation function to ensure a good accuracy of the evaluation of the level of safety, which places high requirements on the knowledge of the user. ④The evaluation criteria of coordination and continuity of road alignment in the existing standards are based on the traditional method Δv₈₅, whose basis is contrary to the reality leading to overestimating the safety performance of the road. Therefore, speed prediction models for different vehicles in different entrances/exits should be studied in depth. From these results, the suggestions for the future works are as follows: ①Studies on speed-change lanes can be based on driving behavior, with a focus on the analysis of acceleration patterns over speed-change lanes. ②Studies on sight distance at entrances/exits should take into account complex traffic circumstances, drivers' reaction time under visual stimuli and characteristics of vehicles. Further optimization can be conducted based on the unique characteristics of entrances/exits, and tested with relatively mature safety evaluation methods, such as accident statistics methods and prediction models. ③In terms of the operating speed at entrances/exits, floating vehicle data (FCD) can be used together with the data from gantry cranes and radars to study the process that vehicles change their speed.
- expressway /
- entrance and exit of ramp /
- speed-change lane /
- safety evaluation /
- operation speed

HTML全文

图 1 高速公路互通式立交研究突现词

Figure 1. Motorway interchange study breakout words

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 高速公路出入口关键词图谱

Figure 2. Keyword mapping of highway entrances and exits

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 高速公路合流区示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the highway merge area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 平行式减速车道

Figure 4. Parallel deceleration lane

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 直接式减速车道

Figure 5. Direct deceleration lane

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 减速车道分流鼻端

Figure 6. Deceleration lane diversion nose

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 模糊综合评价过程

Figure 7. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 高速公路互通式立交关键词共现(频次 > 4)

Table 1. Motorway interchange keyword co-occurrence (frequency > 4)

序号	频次	中心度	关键词
1	91	0.25	设计
2	42	0.11	方案比选
3	34	0.12	匝道
4	29	0.06	选型
5	28	0.05	改扩建
6	24	0.06	山区
7	22	0.08	交通量
8	18	0.03	交通组织
9	16	0.04	变速车道
10	14	0.05	交通安全
11	14	0.04	最小间距
12	13	0.04	立交
13	11	0.04	间距
14	10	0.02	安全
15	9	0.04	出口匝道
16	8	0.03	互通式
17	8	0.02	运行速度
18	7	0.02	互通
19	7	0.01	安全性
20	7	0.02	安全评价
21	6	0.01	山区高速
22	6	0.01	线形设计
23	5	0.01	净距
24	5	0.02	减速车道
25	5	0.01	分流点

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 高速公路出入口关键词共现(频次大于4)

Table 2. Motorway entrance/exit keyword co-occurrence (frequency > 4)

序号	频次	中心度	关键词
1	25	0.06	交通安全
2	23	0.08	快速路
3	23	0.06	互通立交
4	22	0.13	交通工程
5	21	0.05	交通组织
6	14	0.01	交通仿真
7	14	0.02	匝道
8	13	0.03	收费站
9	11	0.01	安全评价
10	10	0.01	运行速度
11	10	0.04	城市道路
12	8	0.04	设计
13	7	0.01	交通特性
14	7	0.01	改扩建
15	6	0.01	变速车道
16	6	0.01	安全设施
17	5	0.01	交通管理
18	5	0.01	交通事故
19	5	0.01	交织区
20	5	0.03	交通
21	5	0.01	城市化
22	5	0.01	城市交通
23	5	0.01	景观
24	5	0.01	协调控制
25	5	0.02	综合评价

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 各国单车道加速车道长度规定

Table 3. List of single-lane acceleration lane lengths by country

主线设计速度/(km/h)	加速车道长度/(m)
主线设计速度/(km/h)	中国	美国	德国	英国
60	155	90~150	190	175
80	180	90~150	190	175
100	200	90~370	190	235
120	230	245~520	190	255

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 加速车道长度推荐值对比

Table 4. Comparison of recommended values for acceleration lane length

	类型	匝道设计车速/(km/h)	主线设计速度/(km/h)加速度车道长度/m
	类型	匝道设计车速/(km/h)	120	100	80	60
《公路路线设计规范》^[18]	单车道		230	200	180	155
《公路路线设计规范》^[18]	双车道		400	350	310	270
孔令臣^[19]	平行式单车道	60	215	180	145
	平行式单车道	40	270	235	195
	直接式双车道	60	325	270	220
	直接式双车道	40	405	355	295
尹露^[20]	平行式单车道	60	250	180	115
	平行式单车道	40	305	235	170
	直接式双车道	60	375	270	175
	直接式双车道	40	460	355	255

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 分流鼻端处平曲线、竖曲线指标规定

Table 5. Specification of flat and vertical curves at the end of the diversion nose

主线设计速度/(km/h)	最小曲率半径/m		竖曲线最小半径/m
	极限值	一般值	凸形		凹形
	极限值	一般值	极限值	一般值	极限值	一般值
120	300	350	2 000	3 500	1 500	2 000
100	250	300	1 800	2 800	1 200	1 800
80	200	250	1 400	2 000	1 000	1 500
60	150	200	1 200	1 800	850	1 200

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 线形协调性评价指标

Table 6. Evaluation index of linear coordination

评价指标	线形协调性
\|∆v₈₅\| < 10 km/h	好
10 km/h < \|∆v₈₅\| ≤ 20 km/h	良好
\|∆v₈₅\| > 20 km/h	差

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 线形连续性评价标准

Table 7. Linear continuity evaluation criteria

评价指标	线形协调性
v_运−v_d≤10 km/h	好
10 km/h < v_运−v_d≤20 km/h	中
v_运−v_d > 20 km/h	差，需要安全性验算

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 互通立交匝道处车辆运行速度模型研究

Table 8. Study on the model of vehicle speed at the interchange ramp

年份	作者	研究内容
2009	吴文斌^[63]	在大量实测数据的基础上，分析半定向匝道上车辆运行速度变化规律，并以此为依据将匝道发为减速段、匀速段、加速段，建立了不同单元的运行速度与曲率半径、超高等要素关系的预测模型
2012	Xia等^[64]	选取分流鼻、圆曲线中点以及连接段为研究对象，对匝道特征点处大货车与小客车运行速度进行分析，得到了大货车与小客车在该处运行速度与纵坡、圆曲线半径、超高关系的模型
2015	张智勇等^[65]	分析了小型车在互通式立交匝道内的运行速度影响因素，进行正交试验，运用SPSS回归软件进行分析，得到了匝道减速、匀速及加速段处运行速度与影响因素关系预测模型
2018	张驰等^[66]	采用链式开普勒雷达测速仪收集单车道入口处小客车速度数据，对合流点、合流鼻以及加速车道终点等匝道特征点处自由流小客车速度进行分析，选用SPSS软件进行回归分析，建立了合流点及加速车道终点处小客车运行速度越策模型

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(66)

[1]	冯心宜. 高速公路互通立交安全性评价[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2010. FENG X Y. Safety evaluation of expressway interchanges[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2010. (in Chinese)
[2]	中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. China statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021. (in Chinese)
[3]	庞渊博. 绕城高速公路互通式立交净距与立交出口交通安全机理研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2020. PANG Y B. Research on the clear distance of interchanges and the traffic safety mechanism of interchange exits on the ring expressway[D] Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2020. (in Chinese)
[4]	罗龙浩. 基于智能车路协同仿真的高速公路分流区危险场景要素研究[D]. 成都: 西华大学, 2022. LUO L H. Research on elements of hazardous scenarios in highway diversion areas based on intelligent vehicle-road co-simulation[D]. Chengdu: Xihua University, 2022. (in Chinese)
[5]	朱宗余. 对互通式立交设计几个问题的探讨[J]. 中外公路, 2004(3): 1-4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL200403000.htm ZHU Z Y. Discussion on several issues of interchange design[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2004(3): 1-4. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL200403000.htm
[6]	赵发科, 宋家骅, 李旭宏. 高速公路网规划阶段互通式立交选型方法研究[J]. 公路交通科技, 2006(10): 99-102. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK200610022.htm ZHAO F K, SONG J H, LI X H. Research on the selection method of interchange in the planning stage of highway network[J]. Highway Traffic Science and Technology, 2006(10): 99-102. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK200610022.htm
[7]	高建平, 廖丽. 互通式立交匝道连续分流点最小间距研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 33(2): 103-107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CQJT201402023.htm GAO J P, LIAO L. Study on the minimum spacing of continuous diversion points of interchange ramps[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science Edition), 2014, 33(2): 103-107. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CQJT201402023.htm
[8]	邵阳, 潘兵宏, 王云泽. 高速公路互通式立交连续出口和入口间距研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2016, 13(8): 1642-1651. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSTD201608029.htm SHAO Y, PAN B H, WANG Y Z. Study on continuous exit and entrance spacing of highway interchanges[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2016, 13(8): 1642-1651. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSTD201608029.htm
[9]	MCCARTT A T, NORTHRUP V S, RETTING R A. Types and characteristics of ramp-related motor vehicle crashes on urban interstate roadways in Northern Virginia[J]. Journal of Safety Research, 2004, 35(1): 107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2003.09.019
[10]	AHAMMED M A, HASSAN Y, SAYED T A. Modeling driver behavior and safety on freeway merging areas[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2008, 134(9): 370-377. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2008)134:9(370)
[11]	FATEMA T, ISMAIL K, HASSAN Y. Validation of probabilistic model for design of freeway entrance speed change lanes[J]. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2014, (1): 97-106.
[12]	DABBOUR E, EASA S M, DABBOUR O. Minimum lengths of acceleration lanes based on actual driver behavior and vehicle capabilities[J]. Journal of transportation engineering, Part A: Systems, 2021, 147(3): 04020162. doi: 10.1061/JTEPBS.0000496
[13]	邵长桥, 荣建. 加速车道长度计算模型及其影响因素[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2008(1): 72-75. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJGD200801015.htm SHAO C Q, RONG J. Calculation model of acceleration lane length and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2008(1): 72-75. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJGD200801015.htm
[14]	徐秋实, 任福田, 孙小端, 等. 高速公路互通式立交加速车道长度的研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2007(3): 298-301. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJGD200703015.htm XU Q S, REN F T, SUN X D, et al. Research on the length of the speeding lane of the expressway interchange[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2007(3): 298-301. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJGD200703015.htm
[15]	智永锋, 张骏, 史忠科. 高速公路加速车道长度设计与车辆汇入模型研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2009, 22(2): 93-97, 115. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGL200902016.htm ZHI Y F, ZHANG J, SHI Z K. Research on the length design of the expressway acceleration lane and the vehicle merge model[J]. Chinese Journal of Highways, 2009, 22(2): 93-97, 115. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGL200902016.htm
[16]	邵孜科, 李文权, 孙春洋, 等. 基于蒙特卡罗模拟的平行式加速车道长度模型[J]. 公路交通科技, 2017, 34(1): 137-142, 148. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK201701020.htm SHAO Z K, LI W Q, SUN C Y, et al. Parallel acceleration lane length model based on Monte Carlo simulation[J]. Highway Traffic Technology, 2017, 34(1): 137-142, 148. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK201701020.htm
[17]	唐宗鑫, 杨迪, 陈思凯, 等. 基于可靠度的高速公路加速车道长度[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 48(5): 961-966. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DNDX201805027.htm TANG Z X, YANG D, CHEN S K, et al. Length of expressway acceleration lane based on reliability[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 48(5): 961-966. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DNDX201805027.htm
[18]	中华人民共和国交通部. 公路路线设计规范: JTG D20— 2006[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2006. Ministry of Transport, People's Republic of China. Design specification for highway alignment: JTG D20—2006[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2006. (in Chinese)
[19]	孔令臣. 多车道高速公路互通式立交加减速车道长度及最小净距研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2012. KONG L C. A study on the length and minimum clear distance of acceleration and deceleration lanes in multi lane expressway interchanges[D] Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[20]	尹露. 高速公路变速车道几何设计参数及安全保障措施研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆交通大学, 2017. YIN L. Research on geometric design parameters and safety guarantee measures of expressway speed change lanes[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[21]	马香娟, 李建士, 张胜平. 高速公路互通式立交变速车道设计研究[J]. 中外公路, 2012, 32(6): 311-314. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201206077.htm MA X J, LI J S, ZHANG S P. Research on the design of the speed change lane of the expressway interchange[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2012, 32(6): 311-314. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201206077.htm
[22]	EL-BASHA R H S, HASSAN Y, SAYED T A. Modeling freeway diverging behavior on deceleration lanes[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2007, 2012(1): 30-37.
[23]	FITZPATRICK K, CHRYSLER S T, BREWER M. Deceleration lengths for exit terminals[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2012, 138(6): 768-775.
[24]	ABDELNABY A, HASSAN Y. Probabilistic analysis of freeway deceleration speed-change lanes[J]. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2014, (1): 27-37.
[25]	沈强儒, 赵一飞, 陈璋勇, 等. 高速公路互通式立交约束型出口识别视距分析[J]. 中外公路, 2012, 32(6): 305-307. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201206075.htm SHEN Q R, ZHAO Y F, CHEN Z Y, et al. Analysis of sight distance analysis of constrained exit identification of expressway interchanges[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2012, 32(6): 305-307. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201206075.htm
[26]	潘兵宏, 董爱强, 田曦. 立交减速车道流出角的研究[J]. 中外公路, 2014, 34(1): 328-333. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201401085.htm PAN B H, DONG A Q, TIAN X. Research on the outflow angle of the deceleration lane of the interchange[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2014, 34(1): 328-333. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201401085.htm
[27]	夏国栋, 张仲瑾. 高速公路出口匝道安全分流区间界定方法研究[J]. 交通与运输(学术版), 2016(1): 248-251, 259. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTYH201601054.htm XIA G D, ZHANG Z J. Research on the method of defining the safe diversion interval of the expressway exit ramp[J]. Traffic and Transportation(Academic Edition), 2016(1): 248-251, 259. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTYH201601054.htm
[28]	王海君, 杨少伟. 高速公路互通式立交单车道减速车道长度研究[J]. 公路交通科技, 2015, 32(3): 124-128. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK201503020.htm WANG H J, YANG S W. Research on the length of the single-lane deceleration lane of the expressway interchange[J]. Highway Traffic Science and Technology, 2015, 32(3): 124-128. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJK201503020.htm
[29]	沈强儒. 高速公路互通式立交约束型出口安全保障技术研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2011. SHEN Q R. Research on safety assurance technology of restricted exit of expressway interchange[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[30]	徐洋. 互通式立交范围内主线主要技术指标研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2014. XU Y. Research on the main technical indicators of the main line within the scope of interchange interchange[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[31]	吴朝阳. 高速公路主线分岔、合流连接部关键技术指标研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2016. WU C Y. Research on key technical indicators of bifurcation and merging of expressway main line[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2016. (in Chinese)
[32]	潘兵宏, 周锡浈, 周廷文, 等. 高速公路互通式立交出口识别视距计算模型[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 48(9): 1312-1318, 1352. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDZ202009008.htm PAN B H, ZHOU X Z, ZHOU T W, et al. Calculation model of sight distance for highway interchange exit identification[J]. Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 48(9): 1312-1318, 1352. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDZ202009008.htm
[33]	屈强, 张朝辉, 吴明先, 等. 双向四车道高速公路出口减速换道视距探讨[J]. 公路, 2022, 67(5): 46-51. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLGL202205010.htm QU Q, ZHANG C H, WU M X, et al. Discussion on the visual distance of two-way four-lane expressway exit deceleration and lane change[J]. Highway, 2022, 67(5): 46-51. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLGL202205010.htm
[34]	苏世毅. 基于运行速度设计方法的互通立交出口匝道设计[J]. 北方交通, 2010(7): 42-44. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LNJT201007016.htm SU S Y. Design of interchange exit ramps based on operational speed design method[J]. Northern Transportation, 2010(7): 42-44. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LNJT201007016.htm
[35]	马向南. 高速公路互通立交单车道出入口小客车运行速度模型研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2017. MA X N. Study on the speed model of single-lane entrance/exit minibuses at highway interchanges[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[36]	白浩晨, 柳银芳. 互通式立交出口匝道运行速度过渡段长度研究[J]. 中外公路, 2020, 40(1): 262-267. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL202001054.htm BAI H C, LIU Y F. Study on the length of transition section of interchange exit ramp operation speed[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2020, 40(1): 262-267. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL202001054.htm
[37]	吴朝阳. 互通式立体交叉分、合流端关键技术指标研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2014. WU C Y. Research on key technical indicators of interconnected three-dimensional crossover diverging and merging ends[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[38]	张驰, 张宏, 齐晨, 等. 互通式立交出口匝道分流鼻端平纵组合指标研究[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 46(9): 99-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNLG201809015.htm ZHANG C, ZHANG H, QI C, et al. Study on the combined flat and longitudinal indexes of the diverging nose end of interchange exit ramps[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 46(9): 99-108. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNLG201809015.htm
[39]	沈强儒, 杨少伟, 赵一飞, 等. 菱形立交分流区主线线形指标分析[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2015, 47(9): 90-94. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HEBX201509017.htm SHEN Q R, YANG S W, ZHAO Y F, et al. Analysis of mainline alignment indexes in diamond-shaped interchange diversion area[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015, 47(9): 90-94. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HEBX201509017.htm
[40]	马永杰. 基于驾驶员视认特性的匝道分流连接部平面线形指标及地点方向信息预告设置研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2019. MA Y J. Research on the plane alignment index and location direction information preview setting of ramp diversion connection based on driver's visual recognition characteristics[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2019.
[41]	BARED J, GIERING G L, WARREN D L. Safety evaluation of acceleration and deceleration lane lengths[J]. ITE Journal, 1999, 69(5): 50-54.
[42]	BONNESON J A. ZIMMERMAN K, FITZPATRICK K. Roadway safety design synthesis[M]. Texas: Texas Transportation Institute, 2005.
[43]	刘亚非, 杨少伟, 潘兵宏. 基于交通心理学的高速公路出口匝道事故成因研究[J]. 公路, 2011(11): 104-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLGL201111024.htm LIU Y F, YANG S W, PAN B H. Research on the causes of expressway exit ramp accident based on traffic psychology[J]. Highway, 2011(11): 104-108. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLGL201111024.htm
[44]	余晓东. 互通立交变速车道长度的探究[J]. 安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 34(2): 71-74. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLGB201402016.htm YU X D. An Exploration on the length of interchange interchange variable speed lane[J]. Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2014, 34(2): 71-74. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLGB201402016.htm
[45]	郭唐仪, LIN X L, KRACHT M. 高速公路出口匝道事故预测模型优选及弹性分析[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 44(3): 682-686. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DNDX201403041.htm GUO T Y, LIN X L, KRACHT M. Optimization and elastic analysis of prediction model of expressway exit ramp accident[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2014, 44(3): 682-686. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DNDX201403041.htm
[46]	王晓玉. 基于Carsim的高速公路互通式立交安全评价与对策研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2018. WANG X Y. Research on safety evaluation and countermeasures of expressway interchange interchange based on Carsim[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[47]	杨丰羽, 赵艳, 张燕飞. 高速公路互通式立交路段交通事故特性分析[J]. 交通科技, 2019(2): 107-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKQB201902029.htm YANG F Y, ZHAO Y, ZHANG Y F. Analysis on traffic accident characteristics of highway interchange interchange[J]. Traffic Science and Technology, 2019(2): 107-110. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKQB201902029.htm
[48]	于恩亚. 基于层次分析法的互通式立交设计安全性评价[J]. 江苏建筑职业技术学院学报, 2006, 6(4): 14-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XZXB200604003.htm YU E Y. Safety Evaluation of interchange interchange design based on analytic hierarchy method[J]. Journal of Jiangsu Vocational College of Architecture, 2006, 6(4): 14-17. (in Chi-nese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XZXB200604003.htm
[49]	贺舰. 枢纽型互通式立交运营阶段交通安全风险评估研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2015. HE J. Research on traffic safety risk assessment in the operation stage of hub-type interchange[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[50]	张炜. 高速公路互通立交出口匝道安全设计与评价[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2015. ZHANG W. Safety design and evaluation of highway inter-change exit ramp[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[51]	杨少伟, 王晓, 冯玉荣, 等. 基于交通冲突技术互通式立交最小净距研究[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2011. 33(3): 133-138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNND201103029.htm YANG S W, WANG X, FENG Y R, et al. Study on minimum net distance of interchange interchange based on traffic conflict technology[J]. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2011, 33(3): 133-138. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNND201103029.htm
[52]	周俊昌, 常玉林, 郭敏, 等. 基于交通冲突技术的高速公路安全评价[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 30(5): 974-978. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CQJT201105018.htm ZHOU J C, CHANG Y L, GUO M, et al. Expressway safety evaluation based on traffic conflict technology[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science Edition), 2011, 30(5): 974-978. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CQJT201105018.htm
[53]	张志召. 高速公路立交分合流区和收费站交通冲突研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2014. ZHANG Z Z. Study on traffic conflict between expressway interchange and diversion area and toll station[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
[54]	陈功宇. 基于非线性模糊法的高速公路互通式立交安全评价研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2014. CHEN G Y. Research on safety evaluation of highway interchange interchange based on nonlinear fuzzy method[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[55]	曹实, 熊刚. 高速公路出入口匝道安全性评价方法研究[J]. 公路交通技术, 2016, 32(4): 128-133. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJT201604029.htm CAO S, XIONG G. Research on safety evaluation method of highway entrance and exit ramp[J]. Highway Traffic Technology, 2016, 32(4): 128-133. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLJT201604029.htm
[56]	梁中岚. 高速公路互通式立交安全性评价方法研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2018. LIANG Z L. Research on safety evaluation method of expressway interchange[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
[57]	白志军, 陈慧, 张绍理. 高速公路互通立交出入口位置行车安全性分析[J]. 中外公路, 2015, 35(5): 334-337. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201505081.htm BAI Z J, CHEN H, ZHANG S L. Analysis of highway interchange entrance/exit location traffic safety[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2015, 35(5): 334-337. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWGL201505081.htm
[58]	齐晨. 基于IHSDM的互通式立交安全性评价模型标定及评价方法研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2018. QI C. Research on calibration of interchange safety evaluation model and evaluation method based on IHSDM[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[59]	BREWER M A, STIBBE J. Investigation of design speed characteristics on freeway ramps using shrp2 naturalistic driving data[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2019, (3): 247-258.
[60]	ŘÍMALOVÁ V, ELGNER J, AMBROS J, et al. Modelling the driving speed on expressway ramps based on floating car data[J]. Measurement, 2022(195): 110995.
[61]	丁瑞, 刘俊, 蒋艳, 等. 基于车辆加速度数据的互通立交匝道驾驶风险分析[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(1): 17-25. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.0003 DING R, LIU J, JIANG Y, et al. Risk analysis of driving on interchange ramps based on vehicle acceleration data[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(1): 17-25. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.0003
[62]	郭唐仪, 邓卫. 基于速度一致性的高速公路出口安全评价[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2010, 10(6): 76-81. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXT201006010.htm GUO T Y, DENG W. Expressway exit safety evaluation based on speed consistency[J]. Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2010, 10(6): 76-81. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXT201006010.htm
[63]	吴文斌. 互通立交匝道运行速度预测模型研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2009. WU W B. Research on the prediction model of the running speed of the interchange ramp[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2009. (in Chinese)
[64]	XIA L G, LU J, MA Y F. Vehicle operating speed prediction model on freeway exit ramp[C]. International Conference of Logistics Engineering and Management 2012. Reston: ASCE, 2012.
[65]	张智勇, 郝晓云, 吴文斌, 等. 互通立交匝道运行速度预测模型[J]. 公路, 2015, 60(3): 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLGL201503001.htm ZHANG Z Y, HAO X Y, WU W B, et al. Prediction model of operation speed of interchange ramp[J]. Highway, 2015, 60(3): 1-7. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLGL201503001.htm
[66]	张驰, 宫权利, 马向南, 等. 互通立交单车道入口小客车运行速度模型[J]. 长安大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 38(4): 71-79. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XAGL201804010.htm ZHANG C, GONG Q L, MA X N, et al. Running speed model of single-lane entrance passenger car of interchange interchange[J]. Journal of Chang'an University(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 38(4): 71-79. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XAGL201804010.htm